Puget Sound Zooplankton Monitoring Program (Salish Sea, USA), starting in 2014

Sampling event Specimen
最新版本 published by United States Geological Survey on 12月 13, 2024 United States Geological Survey

下載最新版本的 Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A) 資源,或資源詮釋資料的 EML 或 RTF 文字檔。

DwC-A資料集 下載 8,470 紀錄 在 English 中 (11 MB) - 更新頻率: 每年一次
元數據EML檔 下載 在 English 中 (75 KB)
元數據RTF文字檔 下載 在 English 中 (26 KB)

說明

The Puget Sound Zooplankton Monitoring Program (PSZMP) is an ongoing collaborative effort involving tribal, county, state, federal, academic, and non-profit organizations working in and around the Salish Sea. The program began in 2014 and is designed to assist efforts in 1) understanding how changes in the local vs oceanic physical environment translate up the food web in Puget Sound, and 2) measuring how the prey field of salmon and other fishes varies spatio-temporally and correlates with fish survival.


Samples are collected at 16 sites across Puget Sound on either a bi-weekly or monthly , depending on the sampling group and season. Vertical tows of a ring net are conducted to capture zooplankton throughout the depth of the water column. Oblique tows of a bongo net are used to sample larger, more motile zooplankton inhabiting the upper 30 m of the water column. After collection, zooplankton are quantitatively subsampled and microscopically counted, with zooplankton densities and biomass computed. All individuals are identified to species or larger taxonomic grouping, and by life stages for some species, within each sample.

資料紀錄

此資源sampling event的資料已發佈為達爾文核心集檔案(DwC-A),其以一或多組資料表構成分享生物多樣性資料的標準格式。 核心資料表包含 8,470 筆紀錄。

亦存在 2 筆延伸集的資料表。延伸集中的紀錄補充核心集中紀錄的額外資訊。 每個延伸集資料表中資料筆數顯示如下。

Event (核心)
8470
ExtendedMeasurementOrFact 
380462
Occurrence 
185729

此 IPT 存放資料以提供資料儲存庫服務。資料與資源的詮釋資料可由「下載」單元下載。「版本」表格列出此資源的其它公開版本,以便利追蹤其隨時間的變更。

版本

以下的表格只顯示可公開存取資源的已發布版本。

如何引用

研究者應依照以下指示引用此資源。:

Keister J E, Winans A, Herrmann B, Kalata O, Mayorga E (2024). Puget Sound Zooplankton Monitoring Program (Salish Sea, USA), starting in 2014. Version 1.1. United States Geological Survey. Samplingevent dataset. https://doi.org/10.15468/e92gvx

權利

研究者應尊重以下權利聲明。:

此資料的發布者及權利單位為 United States Geological Survey。 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY 4.0) License.

GBIF 註冊

此資源已向GBIF註冊,並指定以下之GBIF UUID: 980a91f0-0752-4b60-a68a-42ed670eaae3。  United States Geological Survey 發佈此資源,並經由GBIF-US同意向GBIF註冊成為資料發佈者。

關鍵字

Samplingevent; Specimen; WASHINGTON; COASTAL; ZOOPLANKTON

聯絡資訊

Julie E. Keister
  • 元數據提供者
  • Affiliate Professor, University of Washington
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
US
Amanda Winans
  • 元數據提供者
  • 出處
  • Research Engineer
University of Washington
BethElLee Herrmann
  • 出處
University of Washington
Olga Kalata
  • 出處
University of Washington
Julie E. Keister
  • 元數據提供者
  • Affiliate Professor, University of Washington
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
US
Kit Yu Karen CHAN
Emilio Mayorga
  • 處理者
University of Washington
US

地理涵蓋範圍

Puget Sound, Washington State, USA. Puget Sound is part of the Salish Sea.

界定座標範圍 緯度南界 經度西界 [47.138, -123.048], 緯度北界 經度東界 [48.684, -122.287]

分類群涵蓋範圍

N/A

Kingdom Chromista, Animalia
Phylum Arthropoda, Nemertea, Annelida, Chordata, Myzozoa, Ctenophora, Echinodermata, Mollusca, Nematoda, Platyhelminthes, Chaetognatha, Phoronida, Cnidaria, Bryozoa
Class Holothuroidea, Hydrozoa, Hexapoda, Dinophyceae, Ostracoda, Larvacea, Polychaeta, Hexacorallia, Arachnida, Nuda, Bivalvia, Ascidiacea, Pycnogonida, Gastropoda, Thecostraca, Appendicularia, Gymnolaemata, Copepoda, Thaliacea, Tentaculata, Polyplacophora, Scyphozoa, Cephalopoda, Ophiuroidea, Branchiopoda, Malacostraca, Teleostei
Order Nudibranchia, Mysidacea, Limnomedusae, Amphipoda, Calanoida, Decapoda, Harpacticoida, Chitonida, Copelata, Noctilucales, Onychopoda, Beroida, Salpida, Anthoathecata, Euphausiacea, Canuelloida, Trachymedusae, Diptera, Cumacea, Mysida, Syngnathiformes, Cephalaspidea, Narcomedusae, Phyllodocida, Monstrilloida, Siphonostomatoida, Cydippida, Tanaidacea, Littorinimorpha, Siphonophora, Actiniaria, Cladocera, Siphonophorae, Teuthida, Pteropoda, Cyclopoida, Trombidiformes, Leptothecata, Ctenostomatida, Octopoda, Isopoda
Family Eirenidae, Candaciidae, Arachnidiidae, Pinnotheridae, Axiidae, Panopeidae, Campanulariidae, Diogenidae, Podonidae, Penaeidae, Cancridae, Proboscidactylidae, Hippidae, Tisbidae, Clionidae, Paguridae, Oikopleuridae, Corynidae, Hyperiidae, Oweniidae, Melicertidae, Clausocalanidae, Tharybidae, Gastropteridae, Chitonidae, Cydippidae, Peachiidae, Limacinidae, Mitrocomidae, Hippolytidae, Metridinidae, Cheiragonidae, Euphausiidae, Temoridae, Tubulariidae, Sergestidae, Calanidae, Pasiphaeidae, Galatheidae, Beroidae, Spinocalanidae, Heterorhabdidae, Oithonidae, Paraphronimidae, Tomopteridae, Euchaetidae, Varunidae, Caligidae, Lithodidae, Alpheidae, Hydrobiidae, Pontellidae, Aeginidae, Corophiidae, Metridiidae, Centropagidae, Clausidiidae, Epialtidae, Harpacticidae, Aetideidae, Corymorphidae, Acartiidae, Tortanidae, Phrosinidae, Paracalanidae, Littorinidae, Corycaeidae, Scolecitrichidae, Tiaropsidae, Noctilucaceae, Fritillariidae, Eucalanidae, Pandalidae, Diphyidae, Mysidae, Oregoniidae, Cyphocarididae, Oncaeidae, Rhopalonematidae, Agalmatidae, Longipediidae, Pandeidae, Calliopiidae, Idoteidae, Crangonidae, Aequoreidae, Laodiceidae, Tegastidae, Phyllodocidae, Cuninidae, Caprellidae, Porcellanidae, Munididae, Salpidae, Syngnathidae, Upogebiidae, Callianassidae, Rathkeidae, Bougainvilliidae

時間涵蓋範圍

起始日期 / 結束日期 2014-03-25 / 2022-12-19

計畫資料

Zooplankton are the cornerstone of pelagic food webs. They serve as indicators of ecosystem function and provide an effective means of monitoring ecosystem changes to better understand how physical stressors, both man-made and natural, affect marine waters. As such, monitoring changes in zooplankton communities can provide crucial insight needed to diagnose ecosystem health, changes in production, and fisheries. This program was designed to assist efforts in 1) understanding how changes in the local vs oceanic physical environment translate up the food web in Puget Sound, 2) measuring how the prey of salmon and other fishes varies spatio-temporally and correlates with fish survival, and 3) providing improved forecasting tools and guidance towards management decisions to set harvest expectations and optimize recovery strategies. In brief, this program is a collaborative effort among multiple tribes, agencies, and organizations to sample zooplankton throughout Puget Sound and adjacent northern waters (Bellingham Bay and the San Juan Islands). The University of Washington oversees the collections, analyzes the samples, and openly provides data to stakeholders for use in science and management. Sampling occurs bi-weekly or monthly during the productive March-October period, and monthly through winter at some stations, and consists of two different protocols—a vertical tow of a ring net and an oblique tow of a bongo net. Sampling locations were chosen to represent large-scale, regional variability among the basins of Puget Sound. Field protocols appropriate to the program were developed in consultation with zooplankton experts from Canada, Washington, and Oregon. In the laboratory, zooplankton are resolved to species or lowest taxonomic level possible; life stage, abundance, and biomass data are recorded.

計畫名稱 Puget Sound Zooplankton Monitoring Program
辨識碼 PSZMP
經費來源 This monitoring program has been generously supported by (in alphabetical order) Environmental Protection Agency, Hood Canal Salmon Enhancement Group, King County, Kwiáht- Center for Historical Ecology of the Salish Sea, Long Live the Kings, Lummi Nation, National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration, Nisqually Indian Tribe, Pacific Salmon Foundation, Port Gamble S'Klallam Tribe, Stillaguamish Tribe, Tulalip Tribes, University of Washington, Washington Department of Ecology, and Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife.
研究區域描述 Puget Sound is a large fjordal system composed of oceanographically-distinct, glacially-carved basins separated by shallow sills. The system is estuarine, fed by seasonal river discharge from 14 major rivers and connected to the Pacific Ocean via the Strait of Juan de Fuca. The climate of the region is affected by large-scale influences such as global warming, ocean acidification, El Niño events, and shifts in the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, and by local variation in rain and snowfall. Important macrofauna in Puget Sound includes salmon, forage fishes, benthic invertebrates (including economically valuable species like Dungeness crabs, Pacific oysters, geoducks), seabirds, and marine mammals (harbor seals, harbor porpoises, southern resident orca whales). Zooplankton are linked directly or indirectly to all of these invertebrate and vertebrate groups through the Puget Sound food web. Puget Sound and the species which inhabit its waters provide commercial, recreational, and cultural value to Pacific Northwesterners. Millions of dollars are invested in restoring and protecting Puget Sound’s ecosystem function and health. Long-term monitoring of zooplankton communities in Puget Sound will improve assessment of ecosystem function, and provide the foundation for understanding the effects of issues like contaminants, climate variability, and human impact on the Puget Sound food web.
研究設計描述 Sampling design for this project was created based on discussions among physical oceanographers, zooplankton ecologists, and salmon/forage fish ecologists (Keister and Winans 2013). The sampling locations chosen are 1) representative of broad regions within each Puget Sound basin and 2) representative of foraging areas for planktivorous fish. Locations to sample using vertical nets as “Ecosystem Indicators” were chosen at deep locations within each region to avoid sampling micro-habitats that are common nearshore. River mouths and other localized features were avoided. In the first two years of sampling (2014-15), oblique tows to capture the “Prey Field Indicators” were conducted at multiple sites within each region, then reduced in 2016 to those that best represented the natural variability in zooplankton populations within each region. Both indicators have been used in other systems to understand how climate variability affects ecosystems and fish survival; indicators developed from both types of sampling have shown strong correlations to fish survival and have helped elucidate the mechanisms by which climate variability affects fish populations. The program currently includes sampling throughout Puget Sound and adjacent northern waters (Bellingham Bay, San Juan Islands). At most sites, samples are collected every two weeks to capture the high variability within the zooplankton community, and are collected from March through October to represent the spring-summer foraging and growth season for planktivores (particularly juvenile salmon and herring). Sampling groups that have the capability to sample year-round take additional samples monthly in November through February when zooplankton abundances are typically low. Samples are taken during the daytime for practical reasons and to capture juvenile salmon and forage fish foraging patterns. Vertical tows integrate through the water column to capture organisms that exhibit diel vertical migration whereas oblique tows sample the upper 30 m where juvenile salmon primarily feed.

參與計畫的人員:

Julie E. Keister
Karen Chan
  • 研究主持人
Amanda Winans
  • 處理者
BethElLee Herrmann
  • 處理者
Olga Kalata
  • 處理者
Adrian Nevarez
  • 內容提供者
Clayton David
  • 內容提供者
Sarah Heerhartz
  • 內容提供者
Devin Flawd
  • 內容提供者
Russel Barsh
  • 內容提供者
Madrona Murphy
  • 內容提供者
Mark Riedesel
  • 內容提供者
Maggie Hayward
  • 內容提供者
Evelyn Brown
  • 內容提供者
Nicholas Jefferson
  • 內容提供者
Donald Kruse
  • 內容提供者
Jordan Pritchard
  • 內容提供者
Jed Moore
  • 內容提供者
Nano Perez
  • 內容提供者
Hans Daubenberger
  • 內容提供者
Emily Bishop
  • 內容提供者
Heather Gordan
  • 內容提供者
Nikki Venneman
  • 內容提供者
Khadijah Homolka
  • 內容提供者
Julianna Sullivan
  • 內容提供者
Franchesca Perez
  • 內容提供者
Max Lundquist
  • 內容提供者
Charles Sportsman
  • 內容提供者
Andrew Skoog
  • 內容提供者
Adam Vela
  • 內容提供者
Lyndsey Swanson
  • 內容提供者
Bob Kruger
  • 內容提供者
Julia Bos
  • 內容提供者
Christopher Barnes
  • 內容提供者
Correigh Greene
  • 內容提供者
Stuart H Munsch
  • 內容提供者
Nate Schwarck
  • 內容提供者
Holly Young
  • 內容提供者
Mya Keyzers
  • 內容提供者
Jay Dimond
  • 內容提供者
Natalie Coleman
  • 內容提供者
Korie Griffith
  • 內容提供者
Mark Millard
  • 內容提供者
Roy Clark
  • 內容提供者

取樣方法

Sampling for zooplankton is conducted at regular stations visited by project partners using a common methodology. Two net tows are carried out at each station: a 60-cm diameter ring net (200 µm mesh) towed vertically from 5 m off the bottom (or a maximum of 200 m depth) to the surface; and a 60-cm diameter bongo net (335 µm mesh) towed obliquely through the top 30 m of the water column. The target sampling frequency ranges from biweekly to monthly depending on the station and other considerations. Sampling is conducted during daytime. Project partners that have collected samples include the Environmental Protection Agency, Hood Canal Salmon Enhancement Group, King County, Kwiáht, Lummi Nation, Nisqually Indian Tribe, NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Port Gamble S’Klallam Tribe, Stillaguamish Tribe, Tulalip Tribes, Washington Department of Ecology, and Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. In the laboratory at the University of Washington, zooplankton are quantitatively subsampled and microscopically counted. All individuals are identified to species or larger taxonomic grouping, and by sex and life stages whenever possible, within each sample.

研究範圍 Zooplankton monitoring carried out in Salish Sea basins in Washington State, USA, throughout Puget Sound (Hood Canal, Admiralty Inlet, Central Basin, Whidbey Basin, South Sound) and in Northern Washington (Bellingham Bay, San Juan Islands). Sampling has been conducted at 16 sites: Dana Passage, South Ketron/Solo Point, Admiralty Inlet, Point Jefferson, Point Williams, East Passage, North Hope Island, Watmough Bay, Cowlitz, Thorndyke Bay, North Saratoga Passage, Camano Head, Mukilteo, Eliza Island, Eldon and Sisters Point. Sampling started in March 2014 and is ongoing, with a target frequency that ranges from biweekly to monthly depending on the station and other considerations. Water column depths at the stations range from 10 to 275 m. Vertical water-column tows span from the surface to within 5 m off bottom, to a maximum depth of 200 m. Oblique tows span from the surface to approximately 30 m depth.
品質控管 Samples with "low" collection quality or "poor" sample quality are excluded from the published dataset. These ratings are based on flow meter readings, tow angles, tow depths, tow profiles, phytoplankton clogging, and various other errors that can occur.

方法步驟描述:

  1. The starting point data file for OBIS Darwin Core alignment was an Excel file provided by staff from the Principal Investigator's lab at the University of Washington. This file was exported from the UW lab’s internal database. It is in the same format and contains the same information as the Excel file that is publicly distributed on the King County PSZMP webpage, https://green2.kingcounty.gov/ScienceLibrary/Document.aspx?ArticleID=556. However, the file used involved updates and corrections applied by lab staff based on questions arising during the initial OBIS alignment work. All processing steps starting from the source Excel file are explicitly encoded in the Jupyter notebooks used to carry out the alignment, written in Python; this code, including additional documentation, is available at https://github.com/nanoos-pnw/obis-pszmp.

引用文獻

  1. Fisher, J., D. Kimmel, T. Ross, S. Batten, E. Bjorkstedt, M. Galbraith, K. Jacobson, J. Keister, A. Sastri, K. Suchy, S. Zeman, and I. Perry. 2020. Copepod responses to, and recovery from, the recent marine heatwave in the Northeast Pacific. PICES Press vol. 28(1): 65-70.
  2. Greene, C., B. Curry, J. Newton, J. Keister, I. Kemp, D. Beauchamp, E. Lessard, K. Stark, and G. Hannach. 2019. Linking environmental and biotic variation to growth and survival of juvenile Chinook salmon in Puget Sound. SSMSP Technical Report. Available at: https://marinesurvivalproject.com/resources.
  3. Hiltunen, M., U. Strandberg, A.K. Winans, D.A. Beauchamp, M. Kotila, M.T. Brett, and J.E. Keister. Taxonomic, temporal, and spatial variation in zooplankton fatty acid composition in Puget Sound, WA, USA. Estuaries and Coasts: doi.org/10.1007/s12237-021-00973-8.
  4. Keister, J.E. and A.K. Winans. 2013. Zooplankton Sampling Protocol. A procedural guide to developing zooplankton monitoring programs in the Salish Sea. 9 pp. Available at: http://faculty.washington.edu/jkeister/jk_outreach.php.
  5. Keister, J.E., Herrmann, B., Bos, J. 2022. Zooplankton composition links to climate and salmon survival in a northern temperate fjord. Limnology and Oceanography 9999, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.12208.
  6. Khangaonkar, T., A. Nugraha, L. Premathilake, J.E. Keister, and A. Borde. 2020. Projections of algae, eelgrass, and zooplankton ecological interactions in the inner Salish Sea – for future climate, and altered oceanic states. Ecol. Modell. 441: 109420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2020.109420.
  7. Khangaonkar, T., A. Nugraha, S. K. Yun, L. Premathilake, J.E. Keister, and J. Bos. 2021. Propagation of the 2014–2016 northeast Pacific marine heatwave through the Salish Sea. Frontiers in Marine Science 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.787604.
  8. Suchy, K.D., E. Olson, S.E. Allen, M. Galbraith, B. Herrmann, J.E. Keister, R.I. Perry, A.R. Sastri, and K. Young. 2023. Seasonal and regional variability of model-based zooplankton biomass in the Salish Sea and evaluation against observations. Progress in Oceanography, 219, 103171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2023.103171.
  9. Winans, A. K., B. Herrmann, and J. E. Keister. 2023. Spatio-temporal variation in zooplankton community composition in the southern Salish Sea: changes during the 2015-2016 Pacific marine heatwave. Progress in Oceanography, 214, 103022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2023.103022.

額外的詮釋資料

The publication of this dataset in OBIS was supported by the Northwest Association of Networked Ocean Observing Systems (NANOOS, https://www.nanoos.org), the Regional Association of the national US Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS, https://ioos.noaa.gov) for the US Pacific Northwest.

致謝 We are grateful to the community who contributed to the conception and development of this monitoring program, to the sample and data collections teams that enabled the generation of this dataset, and several agencies for its fundings. This monitoring program has been generously supported by (in alphabetical order) Environmental Protection Agency, Hood Canal Salmon Enhancement Group, King County, Kwiáht- Center for Historical Ecology of the Salish Sea, Long Live the Kings, Lummi Nation, National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration, Nisqually Indian Tribe, Pacific Salmon Foundation, Port Gamble S'Klallam Tribe, Stillaguamish Tribe, Tulalip Tribes, University of Washington, Washington Department of Ecology, and Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife.
替代的識別碼 980a91f0-0752-4b60-a68a-42ed670eaae3
https://ipt-obis.gbif.us/resource?r=pszmp-zoop