Descripción
Kelps are critical habitat structuring organisms forming dense underwater forests in nearshore rocky reefs of northern California. Kelp forests support a range of species such as red abalone and red sea urchins which form the basis for important invertebrate fisheries in the region. Along with fisheries, kelp forests provide a suite of other ecosystem services including supporting biodiversity and carbon sequestration, making them critical habitats to monitor. Monitoring of kelps and kelp obligate species is now more important than ever with the intensification of ocean changes such as marine heatwaves, low oxygen events and ocean acidification. Changes in kelp forest ecosystems associated with fishing can be observed inside fished sites whereas changes in protected sites suggests region wide stressors. In this long-term, bull kelp forest monitoring program, divers quantify key marine invertebrates, algal cover and substrate types along transects inside and outside fished sites centered in Sonoma and Mendocino Counties, in northern California. As nearshore kelp forest ecosystems face increasing stressors, long term monitoring programs will be critical for informing fishery management, restoration strategies and marine spatial planning.
Registros
Los datos en este recurso de evento de muestreo han sido publicados como Archivo Darwin Core(DwC-A), el cual es un formato estándar para compartir datos de biodiversidad como un conjunto de una o más tablas de datos. La tabla de datos del core contiene 4.097 registros.
también existen 2 tablas de datos de extensiones. Un registro en una extensión provee información adicional sobre un registro en el core. El número de registros en cada tabla de datos de la extensión se ilustra a continuación.
Este IPT archiva los datos y, por lo tanto, sirve como repositorio de datos. Los datos y los metadatos del recurso están disponibles para su descarga en la sección descargas. La tabla versiones enumera otras versiones del recurso que se han puesto a disposición del público y permite seguir los cambios realizados en el recurso a lo largo del tiempo.
Versiones
La siguiente tabla muestra sólo las versiones publicadas del recurso que son de acceso público.
¿Cómo referenciar?
Los usuarios deben citar este trabajo de la siguiente manera:
Laura Rogers-Bennett, & Robert Klamt. (2024). Bull Kelp Forest Ecosystem Monitoring Database, Northern California, 1971-2023 (ongoing). California Ocean Protection Council Data Repository. doi:10.25494/P66W3J.
Derechos
Los usuarios deben respetar los siguientes derechos de uso:
El publicador y propietario de los derechos de este trabajo es United States Geological Survey. En la medida de lo posible según la ley, el publicador ha renunciado a todos los derechos sobre estos datos y los ha dedicado al Dominio público (CC0 1.0). Los usuarios pueden copiar, modificar, distribuir y utilizar la obra, incluso con fines comerciales, sin restricciones.
Registro GBIF
Este recurso ha sido registrado en GBIF con el siguiente UUID: 0a9abcfb-2ac6-44b3-b241-ca66eff99b76. United States Geological Survey publica este recurso y está registrado en GBIF como un publicador de datos avalado por GBIF-US.
Palabras clave
kelp; abalone; sea urchin; sea star; sunflower star; substrate; Northern California; Algae; Marine protected area (MPA); Kelp forest/shallow; subtidal; Long-term MPA monitoring; North Coast; Invertebrates; Samplingevent
Contactos
- Originador ●
- Punto De Contacto
- Principal Investigator
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3309-5352
- Proveedor De Los Metadatos ●
- Punto De Contacto
- Data Manager
Cobertura geográfica
Sonoma and Mendocino Counties, in northern California, USA
| Coordenadas límite | Latitud Mínima Longitud Mínima [38,315, -123,829], Latitud Máxima Longitud Máxima [39,429, -123,072] |
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Cobertura taxonómica
No hay descripción disponible
| Reino | Chromista, Plantae, Animalia |
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| Filo | Mollusca, Arthropoda, Porifera, Chordata, Rhodophyta, Ochrophyta, Cnidaria, Echinodermata |
| Class | Holothuroidea, Demospongiae, Florideophyceae, Phaeophyceae, Bivalvia, Ascidiacea, Echinoidea, Polyplacophora, Anthozoa, Cephalopoda, Malacostraca, Gastropoda, Asteroidea, Teleostei |
| Orden | Nudibranchia, Clionaida, Pectinida, Trochida, Decapoda, Neogastropoda, Perciformes, Dendrochirotida, Chitonida, Forcipulatida, Laminariales, Tetractinellida, Valvatida, Actiniaria, Rhodymeniales, Spinulosida, Lepetellida, Synallactida, Ovalentaria incertae sedis, Tethyida, Stolidobranchia, Spirularia, Camarodonta, Octopoda |
| Familia | Asteropseidae, Clionaidae, Actiniidae, Echinasteridae, Asterinidae, Cucumariidae, Cerianthidae, Dorididae, Cancridae, Paguridae, Lottiidae, Sebastidae, Tethyidae, Champiaceae, Styelidae, Goniodorididae, Laminariaceae, Pholidae, Tonicellidae, Jordaniidae, Solasteridae, Cottidae, Tetillidae, Mopaliidae, Asteriidae, Acmaeidae, Haliotidae, Pectinidae, Varunidae, Sclerodactylidae, Lithodidae, Tegulidae, Hexagrammidae, Buccinidae, Embiotocidae, Fissurellidae, Strongylocentrotidae, Stichopodidae, Muricidae, Epialtidae, Acanthochitonidae, Grapsidae |
Cobertura temporal
| Fecha Inicial / Fecha Final | 1971-09-01 / 2023-09-18 |
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Datos del proyecto
The Marine Invertebrate Survey and Assessment Project focuses on addressing processes that impact marine populations and communities, and then applies these findings to fishery management and marine conservation issues. Staff work primarily with benthic (sea floor) marine invertebrates inhabiting nearshore rocky reef ecosystems, or sand, mud, or soft sediment environments. Staff use field, experimental and modeling approaches to understand population and community-level dynamics.
| Título | Marine Invertebrate Survey and Assessment Project |
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| Descripción del área de estudio | Survey sites are located on rocky reef kelp forest habitat. Surveys take place in Sonoma and Mendocino Counties in northern California which is home to 90% of the bull kelp forest habitat in northern California. |
| Descripción del diseño | The California Department of Fish and Wildlife’s (CDFW) Invertebrate Management Project conducts annual kelp forest surveys in northern California. Surveys are conducted to monitor the health of the kelp forest community focusing on important foundation species such as bull kelp, Nereocystis luetkeana, ecosystem engineers including purple sea urchins, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, and fished species such as red abalone, Haliotis rufescens and red sea urchins, Mesocentrotus franciscanus. CDFW enforcement staff play a vital role in these survey efforts providing patrol boats as work platforms and experienced crew to captain small vessels and support divers. Scuba divers deploy from small boats including rigid hull inflatable, whaler and zodiacs. The small boats use the larger patrol boats as a base of operations for equipment such as dive compressor as well as survey and dive equipment. |
Métodos de muestreo
Scuba divers that are certified by the CDFW and/or the American Academy of Underwater Sciences trained are used to conduct the surveys. Divers must be trained in underwater survey techniques and be able to locate and identify cryptic species including two species of sea urchins and three species of abalone. Diver safety takes precedence over data collection. Once trained, divers are assigned to randomly-selected GPS way points within designated depth strata: A: 0-15ft, B:16-30ft, C:31-45ft, and D:46-60ft. Divers typically complete 8-9 transects within each of the four depth strata ranging from 0-60 feet at each site. Divers swim along transect areas measuring 30 x 2m in area across the rocky reef. All transects are in habitat which is dominated (>70% rock) by rocky reef. Two divers (a dive team) work together to count and measure organisms along the transect with each diver sampling a 1-meter swath on either side of the 30 m tape for a total survey area of 60 m2. On average 30% of the divers working with CDFW divers are volunteer citizen science divers or scientific divers belonging to other California science dive programs such as the University of California, California State University system or NOAA divers. Data collected on the transects include depth of transect, number, size and species of abalone and urchins, number of associated species and predators, substrate, algal type percent cover. Emergent sampling focuses on emergent, exposed, or slightly cryptic animals but visible without turning rocks or the use of a flash light. Where needed divers mark abalone shells with yellow forestry crayons to avoid duplicate counts and measures. Data that is needed from each dive is specified on waterproof datasheets which the divers fill out. Upon return to the boat data sheets are checked by the lead diver to ensure accuracy and readability for the first quality control check.
| Área de Estudio | The Kelp Forest Monitoring data record span surveys across 28 years from 1971 through 2023 at 20 locations on the Sonoma-Mendocino Coast, Northern California. Years without data, inclusive: 1972-1985, 1987, 1988, 1993-1998, 2002, 2020, 2021. These surveys are ongoing and are conducted by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife dive team with participation from dive program partners at UC Davis, UC Santa Cruz, Cal Poly Humboldt, Sonoma State and other dive programs and volunteers. Not all sites were surveyed in all years. Surveys prior to 2003 were not conducted by the same teams or with the same methods except that all surveys were done using Scuba along 30 x 2m transects randomly placed in the subtidal zone in rocky habitats dominated by bull kelp, Nereocystis luetkeana, forests. These randomly placed band transects surveys were stratified by depth (A=0-15, B=16-30, C=31-45, D=46-60 ft) as we know sea urchin and abalone populations differ by depth. |
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Descripción de la metodología paso a paso:
- For a detailed description of the methods, see the .RTF metadata files at this link: https://opc.dataone.org/view/doi:10.25494/P66W3J
Metadatos adicionales
| Identificadores alternativos | 0a9abcfb-2ac6-44b3-b241-ca66eff99b76 |
|---|---|
| https://obis.org/dataset/7e76e65e-a60b-453e-bc2d-ac699241e9e6 | |
| https://ipt-obis.gbif.us/resource?r=bullkelp_ecosystem_monitoring_norcal |