Описание
Kelps are critical habitat structuring organisms forming dense underwater forests in nearshore rocky reefs of northern California. Kelp forests support a range of species such as red abalone and red sea urchins which form the basis for important invertebrate fisheries in the region. Along with fisheries, kelp forests provide a suite of other ecosystem services including supporting biodiversity and carbon sequestration, making them critical habitats to monitor. Monitoring of kelps and kelp obligate species is now more important than ever with the intensification of ocean changes such as marine heatwaves, low oxygen events and ocean acidification. Changes in kelp forest ecosystems associated with fishing can be observed inside fished sites whereas changes in protected sites suggests region wide stressors. In this long-term, bull kelp forest monitoring program, divers quantify key marine invertebrates, algal cover and substrate types along transects inside and outside fished sites centered in Sonoma and Mendocino Counties, in northern California. As nearshore kelp forest ecosystems face increasing stressors, long term monitoring programs will be critical for informing fishery management, restoration strategies and marine spatial planning.
Записи данных
Данные этого sampling event ресурса были опубликованы в виде Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A), который является стандартным форматом для обмена данными о биоразнообразии в виде набора из одной или нескольких таблиц. Основная таблица данных содержит 4 097 записей.
Также в наличии 2 таблиц с данными расширений. Записи расширений содержат дополнительную информацию об основной записи. Число записей в каждой таблице данных расширения показано ниже.
Данный экземпляр IPT архивирует данные и таким образом служит хранилищем данных. Данные и метаданные ресурсов доступны для скачивания в разделе Загрузки. В таблице версий перечислены другие версии ресурса, которые были доступны публично, что позволяет отслеживать изменения, внесенные в ресурс с течением времени.
Версии
В таблице ниже указаны только опубликованные версии ресурса, которые доступны для свободного скачивания.
Как оформить ссылку
Исследователи должны дать ссылку на эту работу следующим образом:
Laura Rogers-Bennett, & Robert Klamt. (2024). Bull Kelp Forest Ecosystem Monitoring Database, Northern California, 1971-2023 (ongoing). California Ocean Protection Council Data Repository. doi:10.25494/P66W3J.
Права
Исследователи должны соблюдать следующие права:
Публикующей организацией и владельцем прав на данную работу является United States Geological Survey. Насколько это возможно по закону, издатель отказался от всех прав на эти данные и посвятил их Public Domain (CC0 1.0). Пользователи могут без ограничений копировать, изменять, распространять и использовать работу, в том числе в коммерческих целях.
Регистрация в GBIF
Этот ресурс был зарегистрирован в GBIF, ему был присвоен следующий UUID: 0a9abcfb-2ac6-44b3-b241-ca66eff99b76. United States Geological Survey отвечает за публикацию этого ресурса, и зарегистрирован в GBIF как издатель данных при оподдержке GBIF-US.
Ключевые слова
kelp; abalone; sea urchin; sea star; sunflower star; substrate; Northern California; Algae; Marine protected area (MPA); Kelp forest/shallow; subtidal; Long-term MPA monitoring; North Coast; Invertebrates; Samplingevent
Контакты
- Originator ●
- Point Of Contact
- Principal Investigator
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3309-5352
- Metadata Provider ●
- Point Of Contact
- Data Manager
Географический охват
Sonoma and Mendocino Counties, in northern California, USA
| Ограничивающие координаты | Юг Запад [38,315, -123,829], Север Восток [39,429, -123,072] |
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Таксономический охват
Описание отсутсвует
| Kingdom | Chromista, Plantae, Animalia |
|---|---|
| Phylum | Mollusca, Arthropoda, Porifera, Chordata, Rhodophyta, Ochrophyta, Cnidaria, Echinodermata |
| Class | Holothuroidea, Demospongiae, Florideophyceae, Phaeophyceae, Bivalvia, Ascidiacea, Echinoidea, Polyplacophora, Anthozoa, Cephalopoda, Malacostraca, Gastropoda, Asteroidea, Teleostei |
| Order | Nudibranchia, Clionaida, Pectinida, Trochida, Decapoda, Neogastropoda, Perciformes, Dendrochirotida, Chitonida, Forcipulatida, Laminariales, Tetractinellida, Valvatida, Actiniaria, Rhodymeniales, Spinulosida, Lepetellida, Synallactida, Ovalentaria incertae sedis, Tethyida, Stolidobranchia, Spirularia, Camarodonta, Octopoda |
| Family | Asteropseidae, Clionaidae, Actiniidae, Echinasteridae, Asterinidae, Cucumariidae, Cerianthidae, Dorididae, Cancridae, Paguridae, Lottiidae, Sebastidae, Tethyidae, Champiaceae, Styelidae, Goniodorididae, Laminariaceae, Pholidae, Tonicellidae, Jordaniidae, Solasteridae, Cottidae, Tetillidae, Mopaliidae, Asteriidae, Acmaeidae, Haliotidae, Pectinidae, Varunidae, Sclerodactylidae, Lithodidae, Tegulidae, Hexagrammidae, Buccinidae, Embiotocidae, Fissurellidae, Strongylocentrotidae, Stichopodidae, Muricidae, Epialtidae, Acanthochitonidae, Grapsidae |
Временной охват
| Дата начала / Дата окончания | 1971-09-01 / 2023-09-18 |
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Данные проекта
The Marine Invertebrate Survey and Assessment Project focuses on addressing processes that impact marine populations and communities, and then applies these findings to fishery management and marine conservation issues. Staff work primarily with benthic (sea floor) marine invertebrates inhabiting nearshore rocky reef ecosystems, or sand, mud, or soft sediment environments. Staff use field, experimental and modeling approaches to understand population and community-level dynamics.
| Название | Marine Invertebrate Survey and Assessment Project |
|---|---|
| Описание района исследования | Survey sites are located on rocky reef kelp forest habitat. Surveys take place in Sonoma and Mendocino Counties in northern California which is home to 90% of the bull kelp forest habitat in northern California. |
| Описание плана выполнения исследований | The California Department of Fish and Wildlife’s (CDFW) Invertebrate Management Project conducts annual kelp forest surveys in northern California. Surveys are conducted to monitor the health of the kelp forest community focusing on important foundation species such as bull kelp, Nereocystis luetkeana, ecosystem engineers including purple sea urchins, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, and fished species such as red abalone, Haliotis rufescens and red sea urchins, Mesocentrotus franciscanus. CDFW enforcement staff play a vital role in these survey efforts providing patrol boats as work platforms and experienced crew to captain small vessels and support divers. Scuba divers deploy from small boats including rigid hull inflatable, whaler and zodiacs. The small boats use the larger patrol boats as a base of operations for equipment such as dive compressor as well as survey and dive equipment. |
Методы сбора
Scuba divers that are certified by the CDFW and/or the American Academy of Underwater Sciences trained are used to conduct the surveys. Divers must be trained in underwater survey techniques and be able to locate and identify cryptic species including two species of sea urchins and three species of abalone. Diver safety takes precedence over data collection. Once trained, divers are assigned to randomly-selected GPS way points within designated depth strata: A: 0-15ft, B:16-30ft, C:31-45ft, and D:46-60ft. Divers typically complete 8-9 transects within each of the four depth strata ranging from 0-60 feet at each site. Divers swim along transect areas measuring 30 x 2m in area across the rocky reef. All transects are in habitat which is dominated (>70% rock) by rocky reef. Two divers (a dive team) work together to count and measure organisms along the transect with each diver sampling a 1-meter swath on either side of the 30 m tape for a total survey area of 60 m2. On average 30% of the divers working with CDFW divers are volunteer citizen science divers or scientific divers belonging to other California science dive programs such as the University of California, California State University system or NOAA divers. Data collected on the transects include depth of transect, number, size and species of abalone and urchins, number of associated species and predators, substrate, algal type percent cover. Emergent sampling focuses on emergent, exposed, or slightly cryptic animals but visible without turning rocks or the use of a flash light. Where needed divers mark abalone shells with yellow forestry crayons to avoid duplicate counts and measures. Data that is needed from each dive is specified on waterproof datasheets which the divers fill out. Upon return to the boat data sheets are checked by the lead diver to ensure accuracy and readability for the first quality control check.
| Охват исследования | The Kelp Forest Monitoring data record span surveys across 28 years from 1971 through 2023 at 20 locations on the Sonoma-Mendocino Coast, Northern California. Years without data, inclusive: 1972-1985, 1987, 1988, 1993-1998, 2002, 2020, 2021. These surveys are ongoing and are conducted by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife dive team with participation from dive program partners at UC Davis, UC Santa Cruz, Cal Poly Humboldt, Sonoma State and other dive programs and volunteers. Not all sites were surveyed in all years. Surveys prior to 2003 were not conducted by the same teams or with the same methods except that all surveys were done using Scuba along 30 x 2m transects randomly placed in the subtidal zone in rocky habitats dominated by bull kelp, Nereocystis luetkeana, forests. These randomly placed band transects surveys were stratified by depth (A=0-15, B=16-30, C=31-45, D=46-60 ft) as we know sea urchin and abalone populations differ by depth. |
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Описание этапа методики:
- For a detailed description of the methods, see the .RTF metadata files at this link: https://opc.dataone.org/view/doi:10.25494/P66W3J
Дополнительные метаданные
| Альтернативные идентификаторы | 0a9abcfb-2ac6-44b3-b241-ca66eff99b76 |
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| https://obis.org/dataset/7e76e65e-a60b-453e-bc2d-ac699241e9e6 | |
| https://ipt-obis.gbif.us/resource?r=bullkelp_ecosystem_monitoring_norcal |